Content, data, and collections

Every page on a Steno site starts as a Markdown file under contentDir (content/ by default). This page covers everything you can do with those files: frontmatter, routes, data, and grouping pages into collections.

Frontmatter

Frontmatter is the block at the top of a Markdown file, between --- lines, that sets per-page details like a title or a date. It uses YAML by default (+++ for TOML instead, if you prefer that):

---
title: Building a site
date: 2026-07-18
tags: [deno, ssg]
draft: false
layout: article
---

# Building a site

Every field here is optional. Steno passes frontmatter straight to your theme's layout, so a theme can use title, date, tags, or any other field you add. A page's title falls back to the first Markdown heading, then to the site title, if you don't set title yourself.

Set draft: true to keep working on a page without publishing it: it is skipped in production builds (steno build) but still shows up while you are developing (steno dev), so you can preview it yourself.

Steno scans every Markdown file under contentDir, except the .steno folder itself.

Routes and permalinks

Steno turns your file layout into URLs automatically, so content/guides/setup.md becomes the page at /guides/setup. With shortUrls: true in config, that is written to dist/guides/setup/index.html (a clean URL with no .html in it); otherwise it is written to dist/guides/setup.html.

If a page needs a URL that doesn't match its file location, set steno.permalink:

---
title: About us
steno:
  permalink: /about/
---

A permalink ending in / writes an index.html inside that folder; one ending in .html writes exactly that file. For safety, a permalink cannot contain a protocol, query string, fragment, backslash, or .. path traversal, those are rejected.

Add a content/404.md file and Steno automatically writes it to dist/404.html, the file most static hosts look for when a page is missing.

Per-page configuration

Sometimes one page needs to override a site-wide setting, like its own <head> tags or a different theme option, without changing it for every other page. Do that with a steno block in frontmatter. It supports title, description, author, head, navigation, themeConfig, globals, and permalink:

---
title: Product announcement
steno:
  description: Page-specific search description
  head:
    - property: og:title
      content: Product announcement
    - tag: script
      src: /assets/product.js
      defer: true
  themeConfig:
    density: compact
  globals:
    campaign: launch
---

themeConfig here is merged with your site's themeConfig and still checked against the theme's rules, just for this one page. globals works the same way. Things that apply to the whole project, like contentDir, output, plugins, redirects, or which theme is active, cannot be changed from a single page; those only live in the site config. The steno block itself is never passed to templates; only the fields you set inside it are.

Markdown includes

Write {@include "snippet.md"} inside a Markdown file to pull another file's content in at that spot, before Markdown is even parsed. Steno looks for the file next to the current one first, then falls back to contentDir. An absolute path is rejected, and including a file that (directly or indirectly) includes itself back is an error rather than an infinite loop.

Data files

Drop a .json, .yaml, .yml, or .toml file into content/_data/ and its contents become available to every template as data. The file's path becomes a nested key, so you can organize data files into folders:

content/_data/team.json              becomes data.team
content/_data/blog/authors.yaml      becomes data.blog.authors

Public assets

Anything in content/public/ is copied to the output as-is, with the same folder structure, no processing at all. Use it for things like a favicon or files a theme doesn't manage for you:

content/public/favicon.ico           becomes dist/favicon.ico
content/public/css/style.css         becomes dist/css/style.css

This folder is never scanned for Markdown. Rename it with publicDir in config, or turn it off entirely with publicDir: false. If a public file would overwrite a page or a theme asset, the build fails loudly instead of silently overwriting something.

Collections

A collection is an automatic grouping of pages by folder: every page inside content/posts/ becomes an item in collections.posts, every page inside content/docs/ becomes an item in collections.docs, and so on. Pages directly inside content/ (not in any subfolder) don't belong to a collection. Each item carries its url, its frontmatter, and its rendered HTML as content.

By default a collection includes every page in its folder, in no particular order. Configure it under collections in your site config to change that:

collections:
  posts:
    sortBy: date
    order: desc
    limit: 10
    filter: { draft: false }
    schema:
      title: { type: string }
      date: { type: string }
      tags: { type: array, required: false }

sortBy names a frontmatter field to sort by (its values are compared as text; an item missing that field sorts last).
order is asc or desc.
limit keeps only the first N items, after sorting and filtering.
filter keeps only items whose frontmatter matches every key/value pair listed (an exact match, not a partial one).
schema validates frontmatter across every item in the collection: each field must be string, number, boolean, or array, and is required unless you set required: false.

Use a collection from a layout like any other list:

{#each collections.posts.items as post}
  <a href="{post.url}">{post.frontmatter.title}</a>
{/each}

Public environment variables

An environment variable whose name starts with PUBLIC_ is available in every template, both directly by name and under env. Steno reads .env, then .env.local, then .env.development or .env.production depending on whether you ran dev or build, then a matching .env.<name>.local file, each one able to override values from the ones before it. A variable already set in your shell takes priority over all of them.

Only PUBLIC_* variables ever reach a template. Keep secrets, API keys, and anything else sensitive out of variables with that prefix; they are meant to be visible in the built HTML. Add .env.local and .env.*.local to .gitignore so your own local overrides never get committed.

Each .env file is plain KEY=value lines. A key must match ^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$, an optional leading export is allowed and ignored, blank lines and lines starting with # are skipped, and an unquoted value can end with a # comment that gets stripped. Wrap a value in double quotes to use escapes like \n; single quotes take the value literally, with no escaping.

Redirects

See Redirects for how redirects entries in config turn into output pages.